MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF REBUTIA. AJB
Publicado: Jue Feb 27, 2014 2:02 pm
THE MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF REBUTIA (CACTACEAE) AND
ITS ALLIES DEMONSTRATES THE INFLUENCE OF
PALEOGEOGRAPHY ON THE EVOLUTION OF SOUTH AMERICAN
MOUNTAIN CACTI
http://www.amjbot.org/content/94/8/1321.full.pdf+html
CHRISTIANE M. RITZ,2,4,5 LUDWIG MARTINS,2,5 RAINER MECKLENBURG,3 VADIM GOREMYKIN,2
AND
FRANK H. HELLWIG
2
2Institute for Systematic Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, D-07743 Jena, Germany; and
3Studiengemeinschaft Su¨damerikanische Kakteen e.V., Treeneblick 11, D-24852 Langstedt, Germany
The tropical Andes harbor a major part of the world’s plant biodiversity. The montane cacti of the tribes Browningieae,
Cereeae, and Trichocereeae underwent extensive radiation and thus are well suited as a model group to study the diversification of
Andean plants. We reconstructed their phylogeny employing three noncoding chloroplast regions and explained it in the context
of the geological history of South America. We found that the clade of cephalia-bearing cacti with naked pericarpels is centered in
northeastern Brazil, whereas almost all other clades comprise Andean species. The spatial split between the clades was probably
caused by the Andean uplift and the concurrent formation of intracontinental marine basins in the Tertiary. The phylogenetic
reconstructions based on parsimony and Bayesian approaches do not reflect the traditional delimitation of the tribes and of the
large genera. Our results suggest that Rebutia s.l. and Echinopsis s.l. are not monophyletic and that Sulcorebutia, Weingartia, and
Cintia should be united into one genus. Even though this ‘‘Weingartia-complex’’ and the genus Gymnocalycium are similar in size
and morphological diversity, Gymnocalycium has a very high molecular divergence suggesting a comparably older radiation.
Key words: atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer; biogeography; Cactaceae; Cereeae; South America; Trichocereeae; trnK-rps16
intergenic spacer; trnL-trnF intergenic spacer.
ITS ALLIES DEMONSTRATES THE INFLUENCE OF
PALEOGEOGRAPHY ON THE EVOLUTION OF SOUTH AMERICAN
MOUNTAIN CACTI
http://www.amjbot.org/content/94/8/1321.full.pdf+html
CHRISTIANE M. RITZ,2,4,5 LUDWIG MARTINS,2,5 RAINER MECKLENBURG,3 VADIM GOREMYKIN,2
AND
FRANK H. HELLWIG
2
2Institute for Systematic Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, D-07743 Jena, Germany; and
3Studiengemeinschaft Su¨damerikanische Kakteen e.V., Treeneblick 11, D-24852 Langstedt, Germany
The tropical Andes harbor a major part of the world’s plant biodiversity. The montane cacti of the tribes Browningieae,
Cereeae, and Trichocereeae underwent extensive radiation and thus are well suited as a model group to study the diversification of
Andean plants. We reconstructed their phylogeny employing three noncoding chloroplast regions and explained it in the context
of the geological history of South America. We found that the clade of cephalia-bearing cacti with naked pericarpels is centered in
northeastern Brazil, whereas almost all other clades comprise Andean species. The spatial split between the clades was probably
caused by the Andean uplift and the concurrent formation of intracontinental marine basins in the Tertiary. The phylogenetic
reconstructions based on parsimony and Bayesian approaches do not reflect the traditional delimitation of the tribes and of the
large genera. Our results suggest that Rebutia s.l. and Echinopsis s.l. are not monophyletic and that Sulcorebutia, Weingartia, and
Cintia should be united into one genus. Even though this ‘‘Weingartia-complex’’ and the genus Gymnocalycium are similar in size
and morphological diversity, Gymnocalycium has a very high molecular divergence suggesting a comparably older radiation.
Key words: atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer; biogeography; Cactaceae; Cereeae; South America; Trichocereeae; trnK-rps16
intergenic spacer; trnL-trnF intergenic spacer.